Heating and ventilating system



Aug. 5 1924. 1,503,803

' 5. PEMBERTON HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 21 1920 l N V E N T O R .Z'lwerflwerfaa Patented Aug 5, 1924;

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ELMER PEMBERTON, 013 L ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

Application filed October. 21, 1920. Serial No. 418,475.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I ELMEn PEMBERTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Heating and Ventilating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a construction for effecting a flow of air in rooms which isespecially applicable for buildings for heat-' mg and ventilating purposes, and particularly pertains to a ventilating system of the type in which foul air is removed from a room and displaced by fresh air by causing the natural flowof air to effect a venting action. v y

An object of'this invention is to provide a. construction in buildings for effecting a rapid and complete change of the air within a room by drawing'off the heavy foul-air adjacent to the floor and displacing it by fresh air delivered to the upper portion of the room.

Another object is to provide a ventilating system in which cool fresh air may be admitted to the upper portion of a room to form a stratum of cool heavier air adjacent the ceiling of the room above a body of warmer air in the lower portion thereof and to effect movement of the warm and cool volumes of air in such manner that the cool fresh air will be caused to move downwardly through and commingled with the warmer volume of air.

A further object is to provide achimney embodying a-series of fines so arranged and communicated with each other as to create atendency of upward movement of air in the fines, and with the lower portions of the flues arranged to receive air from the lower portion of, a room, and to provide means for creating a natural pressure in the upper portion of a room adapted to co-operate with theupward tendency in the flue in efl'ecting the discharge of air from the room, and which chimney may be employed either with or without an artificial heating agency in creating a draft therethrouglr The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a view in" diagram illustrating in section and elevation the application of the invention inheating and ventilating a Figure 2 is a detail section as seen on the line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a preferred form of heating element employed in my invention with parts broken away.

More specifically, 5 indicates a room embodying side walls 6 and 7 a ceiling 8, and a floor 9. In carrying out my invention, 1 provide openings 10 and 11 in the walls of the room adjacent the ceiling thereof which openings are preferably arranged in opposite walls in open communication with the outside atmosphere so that fresh air may flow through one of the openings across the upper portion of the room and pass out the other opening or in some instances flow into the room through both openings so as to form a zone of cool moisture laden fresh air in the upper portion of the room. A chimney 12 is provided which comprises a series of flues, here shown as three in number and indicated at 13, 1 1, and 15, which flues communicate with each other at a point below the upper end of the chimney in a single flue 16; the flue 13 opening at an angle to the flue 15 and the flue 14 opening to the flue 15 at a point above the flue 13, The chimney flue 16 is constricted so as to have a cross sectional area less than the combined cross sectional area of the flues 13, 14; and 15. The flue 15 constitutes a smoke flue while the flues 13 and 14 constitute vent flues which are arranged alongside the smoke flue, and are adapted to be acted upon by heat inthe latter and by the current of gases discharged from the smoke flue to induce upward draught in the vent flues. A; heating element 17 is provided, here shown as comprising a closed stove 2O containing a burner 21 of any suitable description, and which stove has a pipe 22 leading to the smoke flue 15 for conveying products of combustion andhot air from the stove to the smoke flue. The stove is arranged in an enclosed chamber 23 arranged beneath the floor 9, the up per end of which chamber opens directly to the room through a grate 24;. Leading from floor registers 25' disposed at suitable points in the room are conduits 26 for delivering air from the lower portion of the room to the lower portion of the chamber 23 to supply air for combustion and also furnish the air to be heated in the chamber 23 by the stove; The stove 20 is formed with an air inlet 27 arranged beneath the burner having through the vent'flues, the latter 'may be 1 be quite cool and may be fitted with a regur' a damper 28 through which inlet air is delivered tothe burner from thei'chamber 23 and asa means for heating the air delivered to the burner the stove is provided with a conduit 29 which leads from the upper portion of the stove at a point above the burner and connects with the air inlet pipe 27.

.Leading from floor registers 30 located at suitable points in the room are conduits 31 which lead to the vent flues 13 and 14 thru which foul air is drawn into the vent flues by the draught induced in the latter by a current of gases arising through the smoke flue. I 7

Asa means for'regulating the draught provided with dampers 32 and 33 and in some instances where it is desirable to effect a chill in the upper portion of the chimney to prevent the too sudden discharge of heat from the chimney a cold air inlet 34 is provided in the lower end of the vent flue liiwhich cold air inlet opens close to the ground or at a convenient point beneath the floorof the building where the air would l'ating damper 35.

In the operation of the invention, avent'ilating action will occur without the generation of heat by the heating element as there will be ,a tendency for the air to rise the three flues of the chimney tending to draw air from the lower portion of the room, and the cool fresh and moisture laden air admitted to the upper portion of the room from the outside atmosphere will exert a downward pressure on the air in the lo'werportion of the room and thereby. act to cause air to flow through the conduits into the chimneyfrom whence it will be discharged by the combined action of the draught induced in the chimney and the pressure occurring in the room. This movement of the air may be accelerated by the generation of heat in the heating element and it has been found in practice that when weather conditions are unfavorable for the natural flow of the air as just described, by operating the heating element for a few moments to remove the chill from the chimney flue the ventilating action will continue without constant operation of the heating element.

However, when it is desired to Warm the room as well as to afford ventilation thereof, the heating element is employed whereupon on heat being generated in the stove air in the chamber 23 encircling the stove will be warmed and a portion of the air'in the chamber will rise through the grate intotheroom and pass upwardly (as indicated by the dotted arrows in Fig. 1) toward the Zone of coolv air situated near the ceiling,

formed by cold air flowing through the in-.

let'openings close to theceiling, as indicated 1,503,803 7 V A V.

by the heavy arrows. The volume of cold 7 warmer volume of air therebeneath, and as the warm air rises into thejcooler air zone it acts to displacea portion of the cooler air and creates 'a'downward tendency thereof and at the same time has a warming effect thereon. The warm fresh air, however, does not rise and lie against. the ceiling, as in ordinary building constructionae the draughtinduced in the chimney in drawing off the heavier air adjacent the floor causes the cool air from above to move downwardly to displace the air drawn into the vent flues; The products of combustion discharged from the heating element into theflue 15 rises in the latter and acts to warm the air in the vent fines and to cause the air there in to move upwardly into the enlarged portion 16 ofthe chimney so as to expand the colder aindischarging from the vent flues 13 and 14:, and thereby have an induction action on the air in the ventflues and thus chimney top a natural draught will-occur in the chimney at all times whether the heating element is employed or not, as the temperatures in each ofthe flues will ordinarily differ from the temperatures in the others by reason of the air intake connections to the flues leading from different points in a room where the temperatures ordinarily difier'because of natural causes, it being well known that the temperature of a room is seldom uniform throughout due to the proximity of door and window openingsand the 'diflerence in temperature of inside and outside walls. The warmer air in one of the flues will flow into the chimney chamber 16 and in so doing will raise the temperature of the air adjacent the upper terminals of the other flues thereby causing it to rise and induce the cooler volumes of air in the flues of lesser temperature to flow upwardly. This action is facilitated by connecting the side flues to the intermediate flue at diiferent elevations, so that warmer air rising from either fluewill act on the air at theoutlets of the other flues to induce the updraught. By locating the outlets of the flues 13 and 14 at different elevations," the formation of eddy currents in the "chimney," which would interfere with the draft, is obviated. By disposing the points of'inter communication between the several flueson a plane a short distance below'the upper end of the chim hey the several currents of air flowing into the chamber will commingle and will be tempered.

In the application of the invention, the salient features thereof are subject to being employed in buildings of various arrangements of rooms and in adapting the invention to the different conditions such changes in the location and the number of the elements may be made as occasion may require without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, while the invention is shown as applied to a single room, it may obviously be employed with two or more rooms, and one or more heating elements used with one or more rooms, and one or more chimneys'located to serve with a single room, or one chimney for twoor more rooms, and furthermore, the number of vent flues in the chimney may he increased if desired.

I claim:

1. In a heating and ventilating system, a room, means for delivering cool air directly to the upper portion of the room, a chimney having a constricted upper end portion and formed with a smoke fine and a pair of vent flues, said smoke and vent flues opening into the constricted portion of the chimney a distance below the chimney top at different elevations, a communication between each of said vent. fines and the lower portion of the room, and a heating element arranged to receive air for combustion from the lower portion of said room and to deliver hot products of combustion to the smoke flue.

2. In a heating and ventilating system, a room, means for delivering cool air directly to the upper portion of the room, a chimney having a smoke fiue and a pair of vent flues, said vent flues opening into the smoke flue a distance below the chimney top at different elevations, a communication between each of said vent'flues and the lower portion of the room, and a heating element arranged to receive air for combustion from the lower port-ion of said room and to deliver hot products of combustion to the smoke flue, a conduit for delivering cold a'ir to one of the vent flues from a point exteriorly of the room, and dampers in said vent flues for regulating the draft there through.

3. In a heating and ventilating system a room, means for delivering cool air directly to the upper portion of the room, a chimney having a smoke flue and a pair of vent flues, said vent flues opening into the smoke flue a distance below the chimney top at different elevations, a communication between each of said vent flues and the lower portion of the room, and a heating element arranged to receive air for combustion from the lower portion of said room and to deliver hot products of combustion to the smoke flue, and a conduit for delivering cold air to one of the vent flues from a point eX- teriorly of the room.

ELMER PEMBERTON. 

